Here are some widely used methods and tools for subdomain enumeration
1. Brute Force Techniques:
- Wordlist-based Enumeration: Using wordlists containing common subdomain names to perform brute-force discovery.
- Permutation and Combination: Generating subdomain variations by combining words, letters, or numbers related to the target domain.
- Here is my personal Bruit force tool : called Subdomain Sexer ::
Subbruit: https://github.com/mrTr1cky/subdomainbf
sublister: https://github.com/aboul3la/Sublist3r
2. Search Engines and Services:
- Google Dorking: Employing Google’s advanced search operators (site:, inurl:, etc.) to find indexed subdomains. https://medium.com/@wshacked/finding-subdomain-using-google-dorks-6ced4cc19839
- Certificate Transparency Logs: Exploring publicly available SSL certificates for subdomains.https://medium.com/@ghostlulzhacks/certificate-transparency-logs-86dfb924c32f#:~:text=The%20certificate%20transparency%20log%20is,subdomains%20belonging%20to%20a%20domain.
- DNS Dumpster, SecurityTrails, Censys: Online services providing historical DNS records and subdomain information
- .https://medium.com/@skabusalemusa/dnsdumpster-unveiling-the-world-of-domains-d0e6aad09ba7
3. DNS Enumeration Tools:
- Sublist3r: Utilizing this tool for subdomain enumeration through search engines and APIs.
- Amass: A tool that utilizes multiple techniques for subdomain discovery like brute-force, scraping, and certificate transparency logs.
- enum4linux, dnsenum: Other tools that can perform DNS enumeration and subdomain discovery.
4. DNS Zone Transfer:
- Attempting to perform a DNS zone transfer to obtain a list of subdomains from a DNS server (if zone transfer is allowed, it may disclose subdomains).
https://medium.com/@dw3113r/dns-zone-transfer-tutorial-subdomain-discovery-ba4eba534bff - 5. Third-Party APIs:
- Leveraging services like Shodan, VirusTotal, or other similar platforms providing data related to domains and subdomains.
6. Custom Scripts and Automation:
- Writing custom scripts using programming languages like Python, Go, or Bash to automate the process of enumerating subdomains.
7. Manual Investigation:
- Conducting manual searches on social media, code repositories, and other online platforms where subdomains might be disclosed or referenced.
Note:
Always ensure that the process of subdomain enumeration is performed ethically and with proper authorization for any security assessments. Unauthorized scanning or enumeration may violate laws or ethical guidelines.
Keep in mind that techniques, tools, and methodologies in the realm of cybersecurity and web enumeration constantly evolve. Therefore, it’s advisable to stay updated with the latest practices, tools, and legal implications associated with subdomain enumeration in 2024.
@madtiger